Low pressure propelled insecticidal aerosol composition



` Sept. 16, 1952 i J. l.. ENDIC'QTT LOW PRESSURE PRORELLED INSECTICIDAL AEROSOL COMPOSITION 'Filed Feb. 25, 194e INVENTOR.

BY W

Patented Sept. 16, 1952 'now'rnnssUR-a PnoPELnEn'msEc'rmmAL /fanaosotfooiurosrrmn Y Appucanonrebmmrza '1946,ser1a1n0. 649,700

Y My.; invcntionrelatesi'o fiuidsr-:Iorifinsecticides :and the .like. Yand has particular :reference zato' uids which, ,when mplacadmin;. a;fsea1e,dscontainer,

remain iniaxliquidsstatea'an:anzordinarygonambient temperature .under pressurefztheirx own :vapors but become Vaporized whenthepressureisrelease'd.

One of 'the `important v'applications of such iiuids consists; in' their use Vin 4.combination with substances which it Zi s desiredto spray' in "the formof a'fine misttfor disinfectingorfsterilizing and :regulations :issued f .by the Interstate.4Com-y merce :Commission viorizthe protection ofuo'ther goods transported rwith zv these scontainers ;;and;f the,-;people=-ewho handleethev containers. .Gas eat eredi liquidi andsiscexempt; fromfsuchregulations. However. there VN is no rcommercially .available liquid Acapable of #maintainingfgsuch ,vapor pres-.

objects; and, air in" ho spitals` `living quarters; etc., l

and ;particularly,ifor` sprayingjinsectici'des. vSuch substanceswhenmixed or'dissolved' inthe vapor-A portable container with la: valve to fgbe; manually released through a 1 suitable nozrzle tolbe` sprayed v in the jform,of a. neymist, ,extending lthrough :anrelativelylarge volume..of;pace. -The sprayling eeffect isaccompli'shedA by` the pressure O'Lthe i vapors in ,the container, ywhich lis V`constant'jfora particular ,i room temperature and. remains iconstant independently ofthe amount f the 'iiuid used.untilthecontainerrisemptied. .Buchan arrangement has therefore ,i a ,decided ,advantage over a;-provisionliniwhichtheiliquidiisforcedout byithe actionif a compresse'dggasgin 'the space the container,abovejshe,` liquid, Whichepressure progressively decreases :,-as the ',liquid is l-being usedup. y A y .Fluids used for trust-spraying `of `-inseciticildes andnther, substancesusually consister chemical compounds comprisinga halogensucl'ivaschlorine or. fiuorine,. the. latter,beingpreferred for!` its'suitable properties. produced ,commercially, particularly :a Liuo'rine compound. "knownv .-as ,'dichlorodinuoromethane (CClzEz'L -,-.This, compound .-'Lis also .,use'd `vextensively for refrigerating machines but it hasagdisadvantage in that its :vapor pressure is .relatively high being .about -v'ppounds per squareginchlat 'IO,F. Suchfa high ,v'apor f.pressurearedilces the efficiency: .of-. automatic refrigeratorsin Jwhichean electric; motor which operatesa Hcompressor for theifluid .is automatically controlledlby athermostat, starting and stopping its operationiyast-the temperature in the i refrigerator fvaries. .Due to the, high @Vapor pressure; an excessive amounttofy power .must beexpend d everytime -..the, ,motor starts to pump'to'build up the'requiredA/pressure. ,.In: portabler-,sprayersfthe high;y pressure has a disadvantage infthat ,it .increases` theY hazard of;V the container .being broken .pr-cracked, in which casetatdangerous explosion.-mayfresult. r.lilorrgthisg reason, all containers with a liquid at pressures Certain of. such .liq'ui'o'lsJ are. -now surfezaat .approximately F. A commercially known compound, trichloromonouoromethane: (CClF) remains Y liquid' at fatmosphericypressure and atfroorn,temp e1-attire;l itsfvaporpressure under; such rconditions being:approximatelygzero.

My invention ihasgfor sits :,objectzfto ,Y .provide sa vaporizable `finitialia-ving its 4.vapor.5;Pressure# not -exceeding pas. i.

Anothergobjecteofuny:invention:isftopprovide a preparation having effective :insecticidalgproperties sand :which is f,soluble in my low-,pressure fluid. l Y 'Anotheriobject ,i of @my invention is .todiprovide ani eiective vspraying :i insecticidal solutioneof :the

, foregoing general itype, which is effective ini its operation and -,non-inammable, nonftoxic #to man1oranima1s,-andnon-staining. .Another objectfof. my invention is 1to1-provide anl vnsecticidefin fwhich zodors"V of the :insecticide are substantially `hiddenbyaddition ,cfa-pleasant scent. I

Another object of my :ginventionglsitoprovide `a :portable :container 1 :with e; a .manually operable valve containing .imyiiprayng xsolution under sa substantially `:constant--fpressure fnot exceeding 25'p.;-s.li.

:Anotherobject:ofrmyrinventiongis-r'toprovide air-:compactrand:convenientacontainerformyeinf secticide, :including a f manually operable valve whichzissimplefandinexpensivefto manufacture sou that: itrcan-fbe discarded When. empty-@auditif jecttorestrictive regulations;asztoccontainersand shipment. v

'Then foregoing and-.other :object-armatures: and.

advantages 'of my invention fare more tfullydescribed in 'the following,,specificationlsanddrawing, inwhicha "singlerfigure represents alcun"- tainergwith my-v-sprayingsolution.

iIn one form; ohmy' inventionleemplcyzaToon-- tainer shownzonithe drawingtandvzmore fully cle-1 of fglasssorfa :plastic rcomposition, *.thei neck l.12 3.0;;

3 the bottle being closed by a valve block 3 preferably made of rubber or similar elastic material. The valve block is held in place by a metal screw cap 4 threaded on a spiral groove 5 on the outer side of the neck 2. The bottom portion of the bottle isnprovided on the outside *withra cushioning layer l#preferably made o'f` a yieldable material, such as cork, corrugated paper.' etc. The bottle with the cap and bottom cushion is covered by a layer 9 of strong plastic composition to protect the bottle against breakage. y envelope is preferably form'ed Aoi' two portions joined together in the middle by an overlapping Y seam I and covered on the outsideby an yadditional enclosure Il, also of a plastic material and which may contain printed matter, such as instructions. etc.

A hollow valve stem I2 slides in in the valve block -3 and is provided with avalv'e head l5 resting against the under surface of the valve block, closing an 'annular chamber I'Sin the block aroundl the lower portion: of the-Valve'stem'. The annular chamber' is in communication withfthe central bore -l 'l inthe stem by means of a`passage `I8. The valve head l5 is normally urgedv into engagement with the valve bl'ock by a spring whose lower end rests on' the bottom wall 2| of a valvecage 22 extending from the valve block and forming a chamber 23. 'A pipe 24- extends from the chamber 23 to the bottom of the bottle. l

The -valve is normally held locked in its closed position' by buttonsv 25, 25 extending' from the under"side of amanipulator'disc 26 rotatably mounted on the outer portion of the valve stem, the buttons engaging projections' 21, V2'! on the upper side of the screw cap ll. By turning the manipulator disc 2'6'to'one or the other side, the buttons are moved away from the .projections 21, releasing the valve to be'manually depressed for opening the same. A nozzle 28 is provided at the outer end of the'valve'-stem l2. The nozzle maybe'secured inplace after the bottle is filled with my spraying liquid, for which purpose the valveis released, aswas explained above, and the end of the valve stem is connected to a source .of a spraying lmixture under suitable pressure so that it remains in a'liquid state. The nozzle may be permanently secured on'the stem as by crimping the same, so that the container will be practicallynon-rellable.

rwhen sued with .my Spraying liquid au,- the bottle can be handled or shipped in any .desired way. To 'simplify its handling, I prefer to makev the bottles of a relatively small size, less than' four ounces, so that such bottles are exempt from specialI. C.- C. regulations 'regarding shipmentl and handling of containers. For the same reason I prepare my spraying liquid. of such a-composition that the pressure of `its vapors does notexceed` pounds per square inch (p. s. i.') at 70 F., cir-about 40 poundsl absolute, in view of the Yfact that gases at such pressure are considered liquids, andl containers with such liqueed .gases are not subject to special regulations of' the Interstate Commerce Commission. My containers of a smallsize, as indicated above (usually fcr'about three liquid ounces), can be manufactured cheaply in quantities for `general insecticiding and distinfecting purposes and are therefore expendable,- sothat the container, when empty, can be discarded. To provide a vaporizable liquid whose vapor pressure will not exceed 25 p. s. i., I prepare amix# ture of normally gaseousv compounds containing' halogens,-selecting proper proportions of gases TheV plastic a central bore having relatively high and relatively low vapor pressure. I have found that satisfactory results can be obtained when mixing about four parts by volume of a uorine compound known as tricbloromonofiuoromethane whose chemical formula is CFiCls, whose vapor pressure at 70F. is zero, i. e., it remai'nsi a liquid state', and about one part of -a uorine compound known as dichlorodifiuoromethane of the chemical formula CFzClz, which is gaseous at the atmospheric pressure and `'70 F. pressure, but is liquefied at a pressure of 'Y about'70 p.v s. i. Sucl a mixture of the two comp ounds has a vapor pressure of less than 25 p. s. i.

fat 70 F.

u furniture.

mablle and can be safely used under all ordinary I usetheabovemixture as a carrier for an insecticide preferably of the following compositio1 1:, 4 l

i l Per cent by weight Benzene hexachloride, `,gamma-isomer, ap-

proximately CeHeCls-; 1 Pyrethrum'extract e 1 Sesame oil extract, approx.. 0.3 Carbon tetrachloride 2 Hydrocarbon oils (present in pyrethrum extract and added) 6 being also soluble in the carrier uid. and inhibitsr any danger of inammability.

vThese compounds form a solution, 10% of which is mixed'with 90% of the carrier gases. The resultant mixture is then placed in' my container, as' was described above. The vapor pressure of the mixture does not exceed 25 p. s. i., and this pressure'is automatically maintained inthe container until the last drop of the liquid is used up.

For operatingv the container, the manipulator 26 is turned into an open position and is manually depressed, releasing the pressure in the nozzle, whereupon the liquid in the nozzle will be IgaSied, entraining also minute droplets of the liquid of micron size, emerging from the nozzle in the form of anne mist. Such a mis-t has powerful `insecticidal properties, penetrating into fine f olds and crevices in householdV furniture, clothing, beds, etc. l

v According to the tests of insect control laboratories, the insecticidal properties of my preparation are stronger than of other commercial compounds, and the toxicity to warmblooded animals isV not more than one iifth of the toxicity of DDT. i The sprayed mist does not .have any objectionable odors and has a rather pleasant pine scent due ,to the presence of the aromatic ingredients. and it does not leave any stains on clothing and Moreover, myfiuid is non-inflamconditions. y

, My uid can be alsoused to advantage in re frigerators because of Vitsjlow vapor pressure, thereby reducing therfconsumpti'on of power for the moton j i ,f It will beunder'stoodthat various features and principles of each of the embodiments 4of the invention above described or referred toma'y be utilized or' substituted'in the other embodi-v ments.

5 6 While the invention has been described in de- UNITED STATES PATENTS tail with respect to certain particular preferred examples, it Will be understood by those skilled Number Name Date in the art after understanding the invention, 1,649254 Romzk No 15' 1927 that various changes and further modifications 5 2,041,045 Garner #May 19' 1936 may be made Without departing from the spirit 2,070167 I ddmgs Feb- 9 1937 and Scope of the invention. Y 2,255,584 Hubackel Sept. 9, 1941 What is claimed as new and desired to be 2'321023 Goodhue June 8 1943 secured by Letters Patent is: 2,358,986 MCGOVIaIn Sept. 26, A self-propellant insecticidal composition com- 10 224101101 Park et a1 Oct' 29 1946 prisinff3 a toxic afint ani an oilrr1 mediun and OTHER, REFERENCES a mix ure of dic orodi uorome ane an richloromonofluoromethane having a combined lgagggmstry and Industry October 13 vapor pressure of less than 24 pounds per square Te Coden'sed Chemical Dictionary, Turner, inch gauge- 15 Third Edition, 1942, page 309.

JAMES L. ENDICOTT.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the le of this vpatent: 20 

